How can I reduce my risk of developing heart disease and having a heart attack?
The most common disease of the heart is called coronary artery disease. This disease is also known as atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries. Coronary arteries provide oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the heart to keep it pumping strongly. Over time, fatty deposits called plaque can build up inside the coronary arteries. When the build-up of plaque narrows the arteries so much that only a small amount of blood can flow through to the heart, chest pain (also known as angina) can occur. Sometimes, a blood clot will completely block the blood flow to a coronary artery causing a heart attack – a true medical emergency.
You can reduce your risk of developing heart disease by understanding the risk factors that can cause it and by making the necessary changes. At least 80% of Canadians have at least one risk factor. The more risk factors you have, the greater your risk of developing heart disease or having a heart attack.
Risk factors you can change:
Your heart health depends a lot on the lifestyle you choose. If you're aware of the risk factors you can change, you can make changes that will help reduce your risk of developing heart disease.
The risks | The changes |
Smoking | |
High-fat diet | |
Abnormal blood cholesterol levels | Keep your levels within acceptable limits. |
Inactive lifestyle | Try moderate exercise 30-60 minutes per day. |
Unhealthy weight | Aim for a BMI of 18.5-24.9. |
Excess fat around the stomach | Aim for a waist measurement that is less than 35 inches for women and 40 inches for men. |
High stress levels | Take time to relax every day. |
High blood pressure | Have your blood pressure monitored regularly and take medication as prescribed. |
Diabetes | Keep your blood sugar levels under control. |